Claude Code transcript - page 1/1

{
  "type": "tool_reference",
  "tool_name": "Read"
}

{
  "type": "tool_reference",
  "tool_name": "Bash"
}

{
  "type": "tool_reference",
  "tool_name": "Write"
}

{
  "type": "tool_reference",
  "tool_name": "Glob"
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     1→## Metadata
     2→name: Creating a distributed system emulation
     3→description: This is a recipe for how to build a distributed system emulation in Gleam given a human description. 
     4→
     5→
     6→## Overview
     7→In this environment we use Gleam for emulation. The goal is to produce a version that can be executed and help explain how the protocol (i.e., the algorithm implemented by the system) runs.
     8→
     9→Each type of process (or node or server, I tend to use the same word for all of them) is implemented as a Gleam actor. The Gleam OTP skill that accompanies this can help write the code. Do not try to optimize the code, but be sure to use comments to document the logic of each actor, and use print statements to record the execution of each actor.
    10→
    11→Once code for all types of processes has been written, change the main function to take a configuration file (in TOML) that specifies how many nodes of each type to start and then runs them to produce an execution schedule.
    12→
    13→Finally, use the appropriate version control system to add a commit for the emulation
    14→
    15→## Steps to Create an Emulation
    16→
    17→- Use instructions from the gleam-otop skill to create and code up the emulation.
    18→- Change the main function of the newly created emulation so that it can read a configuration file written in TOML (you can read it in gleam using the `tom` package) that specifies the number of each type of process.
    19→- Create a new commit using the appropriate version control system.
    20→
    21→## Writing a new emulation
    22→
    23→Use instructions from the gleam-otp skill.
    24→
    25→## Version Control
    26→
    27→Check if the root directory contains a `.jj` directory. If so, the project is managed using Jujutsu, and the accompanying jujutsu skill to manage things.
    28→
    29→If on the other hand the root directory contains a `.git` directory (but no `.jj` directory) use git.
    30→

     1→# Gleam OTP Development
     2→
     3→## Metadata
     4→name: Gleam OTP Development
     5→description: This is a skill to help with developing Gleam OTP applications.
     6→
     7→## Creating a Gleam project
     8→
     9→```sh
    10→	gleam new --skip-git --skip-github <project name> # Create a project. Project name can only contain alphanumeric characters and `_`
    11→  cd <project name> # Change directory into the project
    12→  gleam add gleam_otp # Add gleam_otp as a dependency
    13→  gleam add gleam_erlang # Add gleam_erlang as a dependency.
    14→```
    15→
    16→## Build Commands
    17→
    18→```sh
    19→gleam build       # Compile the project
    20→gleam run         # Run the project
    21→gleam test        # Run all tests
    22→gleam add <pkg>   # Add a dependency
    23→gleam format      # Format code
    24→```
    25→
    26→## Actor Pattern with gleam_otp
    27→
    28→### Basic Actor Structure
    29→
    30→```gleam
    31→import gleam/otp/actor
    32→import gleam/erlang/process.{type Subject}
    33→
    34→// 1. Define state type
    35→pub type State {
    36→  State(value: Int, self: Subject(Message))
    37→}
    38→
    39→// 2. Define message type
    40→pub type Message {
    41→  Set(value: Int)                      // Fire-and-forget
    42→  Get(reply_with: Subject(Int))        // Request-response
    43→}
    44→
    45→// 3. Implement handler
    46→fn handle_message(state: State, message: Message) -> actor.Next(State, Message) {
    47→  case message {
    48→    Set(value) -> actor.continue(State(..state, value: value))
    49→    Get(client) -> {
    50→      process.send(client, state.value)
    51→      actor.continue(state)
    52→    }
    53→  }
    54→}
    55→
    56→// 4. Start function
    57→pub fn start() -> Result(Subject(Message), actor.StartError) {
    58→  actor.new_with_initialiser(1000, fn(self) {
    59→    actor.initialised(State(value: 0, self: self))
    60→    |> actor.returning(self)
    61→    |> Ok
    62→  })
    63→  |> actor.on_message(handle_message)
    64→  |> actor.start
    65→  |> result.map(fn(started) { started.data })
    66→}
    67→```
    68→
    69→### Key Patterns
    70→
    71→**Fire-and-forget message:**
    72→```gleam
    73→pub fn set(subject: Subject(Message), value: Int) -> Nil {
    74→  actor.send(subject, Set(value))
    75→}
    76→```
    77→
    78→**Request-response (blocking call):**
    79→```gleam
    80→pub fn get(subject: Subject(Message)) -> Int {
    81→  actor.call(subject, 1000, Get)  // 1000ms timeout
    82→}
    83→```
    84→
    85→**Self-messaging (for periodic tasks):**
    86→```gleam
    87→// In initialiser or handler:
    88→process.send_after(state.self, 100, Sync)  // Send Sync message after 100ms
    89→```
    90→
    91→**Capturing self reference:**
    92→Use `actor.new_with_initialiser` instead of `actor.new` to get access to the actor's own Subject in the initialiser callback.
    93→
    94→### Handler Return Values
    95→
    96→- `actor.continue(new_state)` - Keep running with new state
    97→- `actor.stop()` - Stop the actor gracefully
    98→
    99→### Common Imports
   100→
   101→```gleam
   102→import gleam/otp/actor
   103→import gleam/erlang/process.{type Subject}
   104→import gleam/result
   105→import gleam/list
   106→import gleam/int
   107→import gleam/io
   108→```
   109→
   110→## TOML Configuration with `tom`
   111→
   112→Add the `tom` and `simplifile` packages:
   113→
   114→```sh
   115→gleam add tom
   116→gleam add simplifile
   117→```
   118→
   119→### Reading and parsing a TOML file
   120→
   121→Use `simplifile` for file I/O and `tom` for TOML parsing:
   122→
   123→```gleam
   124→import simplifile
   125→import tom
   126→
   127→let assert Ok(content) = simplifile.read("config.toml")
   128→let assert Ok(parsed) = tom.parse(content)
   129→
   130→// Get values with defaults
   131→let num_nodes = tom.get_int(parsed, ["num_nodes"]) |> result.unwrap(5)
   132→let name = tom.get_string(parsed, ["name"]) |> result.unwrap("default")
   133→```
   134→
   135→Available getters: `tom.get_int`, `tom.get_string`, `tom.get_float`, `tom.get_bool`, `tom.get_array`, `tom.get_table`. All take a `Dict` (from `tom.parse`) and a key path as `List(String)`.
   136→
   137→## Testing
   138→
   139→Test functions must end with `_test` suffix:
   140→
   141→```gleam
   142→import gleeunit
   143→
   144→pub fn main() -> Nil {
   145→  gleeunit.main()
   146→}
   147→
   148→pub fn my_feature_test() {
   149→  assert some_condition == True
   150→}
   151→```
   152→
   153→## Common Patterns in This Codebase
   154→
   155→### Peer-to-peer Synchronization
   156→
   157→Servers maintain a list of peers and periodically broadcast their state:
   158→
   159→```gleam
   160→Sync -> {
   161→  list.each(state.peers, fn(peer) {
   162→    process.send(peer, Set(state.value))
   163→  })
   164→  process.send_after(state.self, 100, Sync)
   165→  actor.continue(state)
   166→}
   167→```
   168→
   169→### Convergence Check
   170→
   171→Poll until all actors have the same value:
   172→
   173→```gleam
   174→fn wait_for_convergence(servers: List(Subject(Message))) -> Nil {
   175→  let values = list.map(servers, get)
   176→  case values {
   177→    [first, ..rest] -> {
   178→      let all_same = list.all(rest, fn(v) { v == first })
   179→      case all_same && first > 0 {
   180→        True -> io.println("Converged!")
   181→        False -> {
   182→          process.sleep(100)
   183→          wait_for_convergence(servers)
   184→        }
   185→      }
   186→    }
   187→    [] -> Nil
   188→  }
   189→}
   190→```
   191→
   192→## Gleam Syntax Quick Reference
   193→
   194→**Pattern matching:**
   195→```gleam
   196→case value {
   197→  Some(x) -> x
   198→  None -> 0
   199→}
   200→```
   201→
   202→**Record update:**
   203→```gleam
   204→State(..state, value: new_value)
   205→```
   206→
   207→**Pipe operator:**
   208→```gleam
   209→value
   210→|> transform1
   211→|> transform2
   212→```
   213→
   214→**Assert (panics on failure):**
   215→```gleam
   216→let assert Ok(result) = maybe_fails()
   217→```
   218→
   219→**List operations:**
   220→```gleam
   221→list.map(items, fn(x) { x + 1 })
   222→list.each(items, fn(x) { io.println(x) })
   223→list.all(items, fn(x) { x > 0 })
   224→list.flat_map(items, fn(x) { [x, x] })
   225→```
   226→

/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/kv_store/gleam.toml
/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/multipaxos_kv/gleam.toml
/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/raft_kv/gleam.toml
/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/tutorial-vars/gleam.toml

     1→import argv
     2→import gleam/erlang/process
     3→import gleam/int
     4→import gleam/io
     5→import gleam/list
     6→import kv_store/client
     7→import kv_store/server
     8→
     9→pub fn main() -> Nil {
    10→  // Parse number of clients from command-line args (default: 3)
    11→  let num_clients = case argv.load().arguments {
    12→    [n_str, ..] -> {
    13→      case int.parse(n_str) {
    14→        Ok(n) if n > 0 -> n
    15→        _ -> {
    16→          io.println("Usage: gleam run -- <num_clients>")
    17→          panic as "num_clients must be a positive integer"
    18→        }
    19→      }
    20→    }
    21→    [] -> 3
    22→  }
    23→
    24→  // Start the KV server
    25→  let assert Ok(kv_server) = server.start()
    26→  io.println("Started KV server")
    27→
    28→  // Start the requested number of clients, each pointing at the same server
    29→  let clients =
    30→    list.range(1, num_clients)
    31→    |> list.map(fn(i) {
    32→      let assert Ok(c) = client.start(kv_server)
    33→      io.println("Started client " <> int.to_string(i))
    34→      c
    35→    })
    36→
    37→  // Tell each client to begin sending requests
    38→  list.each(clients, fn(c) { process.send(c, client.Start) })
    39→  io.println("All " <> int.to_string(num_clients) <> " clients started")
    40→
    41→  // Wait for clients to finish their 10 requests each
    42→  process.sleep(2000)
    43→  io.println("Done")
    44→}
    45→

     1→name = "kv_store"
     2→version = "1.0.0"
     3→
     4→# Fill out these fields if you intend to generate HTML documentation or publish
     5→# your project to the Hex package manager.
     6→#
     7→# description = ""
     8→# licences = ["Apache-2.0"]
     9→# repository = { type = "github", user = "", repo = "" }
    10→# links = [{ title = "Website", href = "" }]
    11→#
    12→# For a full reference of all the available options, you can have a look at
    13→# https://gleam.run/writing-gleam/gleam-toml/.
    14→
    15→[dependencies]
    16→gleam_stdlib = ">= 0.44.0 and < 2.0.0"
    17→gleam_otp = ">= 1.2.0 and < 2.0.0"
    18→gleam_erlang = ">= 1.3.0 and < 2.0.0"
    19→argv = ">= 1.0.2 and < 2.0.0"
    20→
    21→[dev-dependencies]
    22→gleeunit = ">= 1.0.0 and < 2.0.0"
    23→

/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/kv_store/gleam.toml
/home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/kv_store/manifest.toml

     1→import gleam/dict.{type Dict}
     2→import gleam/erlang/process.{type Subject}
     3→import gleam/io
     4→import gleam/otp/actor
     5→import gleam/result
     6→
     7→/// The server's state: a dictionary mapping string keys to string values.
     8→pub type State {
     9→  State(store: Dict(String, String), self: Subject(Message))
    10→}
    11→
    12→/// Result type for operations that can succeed or fail with a reason.
    13→pub type OpResult {
    14→  OpOk
    15→  OpError(reason: String)
    16→}
    17→
    18→/// Messages the KV server handles.
    19→pub type Message {
    20→  /// Insert a new key-value pair. Fails if the key already exists.
    21→  Put(key: String, value: String, reply_with: Subject(OpResult))
    22→  /// Retrieve the value for a key. Returns Ok(value) or Error if not found.
    23→  Get(key: String, reply_with: Subject(Result(String, String)))
    24→  /// Delete a key. Returns OpOk or OpError if the key doesn't exist.
    25→  Delete(key: String, reply_with: Subject(OpResult))
    26→}
    27→
    28→/// Handle incoming messages to the KV server.
    29→fn handle_message(state: State, message: Message) -> actor.Next(State, Message) {
    30→  case message {
    31→    Put(key, value, reply_with) -> {
    32→      case dict.has_key(state.store, key) {
    33→        True -> {
    34→          // Key already exists — reject the put
    35→          io.println("[server] PUT \"" <> key <> "\" -> REJECTED (key exists)")
    36→          process.send(reply_with, OpError("key already exists: " <> key))
    37→          actor.continue(state)
    38→        }
    39→        False -> {
    40→          // Insert the new key-value pair
    41→          io.println(
    42→            "[server] PUT \"" <> key <> "\" = \"" <> value <> "\" -> OK",
    43→          )
    44→          let new_store = dict.insert(state.store, key, value)
    45→          process.send(reply_with, OpOk)
    46→          actor.continue(State(..state, store: new_store))
    47→        }
    48→      }
    49→    }
    50→
    51→    Get(key, reply_with) -> {
    52→      case dict.get(state.store, key) {
    53→        Ok(value) -> {
    54→          io.println("[server] GET \"" <> key <> "\" -> \"" <> value <> "\"")
    55→          process.send(reply_with, Ok(value))
    56→        }
    57→        Error(_) -> {
    58→          io.println("[server] GET \"" <> key <> "\" -> NOT FOUND")
    59→          process.send(reply_with, Error("key not found: " <> key))
    60→        }
    61→      }
    62→      actor.continue(state)
    63→    }
    64→
    65→    Delete(key, reply_with) -> {
    66→      case dict.has_key(state.store, key) {
    67→        True -> {
    68→          io.println("[server] DELETE \"" <> key <> "\" -> OK")
    69→          let new_store = dict.delete(state.store, key)
    70→          process.send(reply_with, OpOk)
    71→          actor.continue(State(..state, store: new_store))
    72→        }
    73→        False -> {
    74→          io.println("[server] DELETE \"" <> key <> "\" -> NOT FOUND")
    75→          process.send(reply_with, OpError("key not found: " <> key))
    76→          actor.continue(state)
    77→        }
    78→      }
    79→    }
    80→  }
    81→}
    82→
    83→/// Start a new KV server actor with an empty store.
    84→pub fn start() -> Result(Subject(Message), actor.StartError) {
    85→  actor.new_with_initialiser(1000, fn(self) {
    86→    let state = State(store: dict.new(), self: self)
    87→    actor.initialised(state)
    88→    |> actor.returning(self)
    89→    |> Ok
    90→  })
    91→  |> actor.on_message(handle_message)
    92→  |> actor.start
    93→  |> result.map(fn(started) { started.data })
    94→}
    95→
    96→/// Put a key-value pair into the store. Returns an error if the key exists.
    97→pub fn put(server: Subject(Message), key: String, value: String) -> OpResult {
    98→  actor.call(server, 1000, Put(key, value, _))
    99→}
   100→
   101→/// Get the value for a key. Returns Error if the key doesn't exist.
   102→pub fn get(server: Subject(Message), key: String) -> Result(String, String) {
   103→  actor.call(server, 1000, Get(key, _))
   104→}
   105→
   106→/// Delete a key from the store. Returns an error if the key doesn't exist.
   107→pub fn delete(server: Subject(Message), key: String) -> OpResult {
   108→  actor.call(server, 1000, Delete(key, _))
   109→}
   110→

     1→import gleam/erlang/process.{type Subject}
     2→import gleam/int
     3→import gleam/io
     4→import gleam/otp/actor
     5→import gleam/result
     6→import kv_store/server
     7→
     8→/// Client state: tracks the server to talk to, remaining requests, and self.
     9→pub type State {
    10→  State(server: Subject(server.Message), remaining: Int, self: Subject(Message))
    11→}
    12→
    13→/// Messages the client responds to.
    14→pub type Message {
    15→  /// Kick off the client's request loop.
    16→  Start
    17→  /// Internal message to continue sending the next request.
    18→  Continue
    19→}
    20→
    21→/// A small pool of keys the client randomly picks from, keeping collisions
    22→/// likely so we exercise the "key already exists" and "key not found" paths.
    23→const keys = #("a", "b", "c", "d", "e")
    24→
    25→/// Pick a random key from the pool.
    26→fn random_key() -> String {
    27→  case int.random(5) {
    28→    0 -> keys.0
    29→    1 -> keys.1
    30→    2 -> keys.2
    31→    3 -> keys.3
    32→    _ -> keys.4
    33→  }
    34→}
    35→
    36→/// Pick a random value.
    37→fn random_value() -> String {
    38→  "val_" <> int.to_string(int.random(100))
    39→}
    40→
    41→/// Handle incoming messages for the client actor.
    42→fn handle_message(state: State, message: Message) -> actor.Next(State, Message) {
    43→  case message {
    44→    Start -> {
    45→      io.println("[client] Starting — will send 10 requests")
    46→      send_next_request(state)
    47→    }
    48→    Continue -> {
    49→      send_next_request(state)
    50→    }
    51→  }
    52→}
    53→
    54→/// Send the next random request (get or put) to the server, then schedule
    55→/// a Continue message so the actor processes the next one.
    56→fn send_next_request(state: State) -> actor.Next(State, Message) {
    57→  case state.remaining {
    58→    0 -> {
    59→      io.println("[client] Finished all 10 requests")
    60→      actor.stop()
    61→    }
    62→    n -> {
    63→      // Randomly choose between get (0) and put (1)
    64→      case int.random(2) {
    65→        0 -> {
    66→          let key = random_key()
    67→          case server.get(state.server, key) {
    68→            Ok(value) ->
    69→              io.println(
    70→                "[client] GET \"" <> key <> "\" -> \"" <> value <> "\"",
    71→              )
    72→            Error(reason) ->
    73→              io.println("[client] GET \"" <> key <> "\" -> " <> reason)
    74→          }
    75→        }
    76→        _ -> {
    77→          let key = random_key()
    78→          let value = random_value()
    79→          case server.put(state.server, key, value) {
    80→            server.OpOk ->
    81→              io.println(
    82→                "[client] PUT \"" <> key <> "\" = \"" <> value <> "\" -> OK",
    83→              )
    84→            server.OpError(reason) ->
    85→              io.println(
    86→                "[client] PUT \""
    87→                <> key
    88→                <> "\" = \""
    89→                <> value
    90→                <> "\" -> "
    91→                <> reason,
    92→              )
    93→          }
    94→        }
    95→      }
    96→
    97→      // Schedule next request
    98→      process.send(state.self, Continue)
    99→      actor.continue(State(..state, remaining: n - 1))
   100→    }
   101→  }
   102→}
   103→
   104→/// Start a client actor that will send 10 random requests to the given server.
   105→pub fn start(
   106→  server_subject: Subject(server.Message),
   107→) -> Result(Subject(Message), actor.StartError) {
   108→  actor.new_with_initialiser(1000, fn(self) {
   109→    let state = State(server: server_subject, remaining: 10, self: self)
   110→    actor.initialised(state)
   111→    |> actor.returning(self)
   112→    |> Ok
   113→  })
   114→  |> actor.on_message(handle_message)
   115→  |> actor.start
   116→  |> result.map(fn(started) { started.data })
   117→}
   118→

CLAUDE.md
kv_store
multipaxos_kv
raft_kv
skills-notes.txt
transcripts
tutorial-vars

repo
working_copy
jj exists

{
  "type": "tool_reference",
  "tool_name": "Edit"
}

Your Gleam project ec_counter has been successfully created.
The project can be compiled and tested by running these commands:

	cd ec_counter
	gleam test

  Resolving versions
Downloading packages
 Downloaded 4 packages in 0.03s
      Added gleam_erlang v1.3.0
      Added gleam_otp v1.2.0
      Added gleam_stdlib v0.70.0
      Added gleeunit v1.9.0
  Resolving versions
  Resolving versions
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      Added gleam_time v1.7.0
      Added tom v2.0.1
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      Added filepath v1.1.2
      Added simplifile v2.3.2

File created successfully at: /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter/server.gleam

File created successfully at: /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter/client.gleam

File created successfully at: /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/config.toml

     1→import gleam/io
     2→
     3→pub fn main() -> Nil {
     4→  io.println("Hello from ec_counter!")
     5→}
     6→

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

  Compiling gleam_stdlib
  Compiling filepath
  Compiling gleam_erlang
  Compiling gleam_otp
  Compiling gleam_time
  Compiling gleeunit
  Compiling simplifile
  Compiling tom
  Compiling ec_counter
warning: Deprecated value used
   ┌─ /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam:29:10
   │
29 │     list.range(1, num_servers)
   │          ^^^^^ This value has been deprecated

It was deprecated with this message: Use int.range instead

warning: Deprecated value used
   ┌─ /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam:45:10
   │
45 │     list.range(1, num_clients)
   │          ^^^^^ This value has been deprecated

It was deprecated with this message: Use int.range instead

   Compiled in 0.95s

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

pub fn range(

pub fn range(
  from start: Int,
  to stop: Int,
  with acc: acc,
  run reducer: fn(acc, Int) -> acc,
) -> acc {

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

  Compiling ec_counter
   Compiled in 0.25s

   Compiled in 0.02s
    Running ec_counter.main
Starting ec-counter with 3 servers and 5 clients
Started server-1
Started server-2
[server-2] Registered 1 peers
[server-1] Registered 1 peers
Started client-1
Started client-2
runtime error: let assert

Pattern match failed, no pattern matched the value.

unmatched value:
  Error(Nil)

stacktrace:
  ec_counter.-main/0-anonymous-3- src/ec_counter.gleam:48
  gleam/int.range_loop src/gleam/int.gleam:827
  ec_counter.main src/ec_counter.gleam:95

   Compiled in 0.02s
error: Module does not have a main function

`gleam/int` does not have a main function so the module can not be run.
Hint: Add a public `main` function to `src/gleam/int.gleam`.
pub fn range(
  from start: Int,
  to stop: Int,
  with acc: acc,
  run reducer: fn(acc, Int) -> acc,
) -> acc {
  let increment = case start < stop {
    True -> 1
    False -> -1
  }
  range_loop(start, stop, increment, acc, reducer)
}

fn range_loop(
  current: Int,
  stop: Int,
  increment: Int,
  acc: acc,
  reducer: fn(acc, Int) -> acc,
) -> acc {
  case current == stop {

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

The file /home/apanda/code/gleam-as-emulation/ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam has been updated successfully.

[server-1] SET 206 -> rejected (current 996)
[client-4] SET 869 -> rejected
[client-2] Finished all 100 requests
[client-1] SET 206 -> rejected
[client-4] Finished all 100 requests
[server-1] GET -> 996
[client-1] GET -> 996
[server-1] SET 323 -> rejected (current 996)
[client-1] SET 323 -> rejected
[client-1] Finished all 100 requests
[server-3] SYNC received 996 -> updated (was 989)
[server-2] SYNC received 996 -> updated (was 991)

--- Final server counter values ---
[server-1] GET -> 996
server-1: 996
[server-2] GET -> 996
server-2: 996
[server-3] GET -> 996
server-3: 996

--- After additional sync ---
[server-1] GET -> 996
server-1: 996
[server-2] GET -> 996
server-2: 996
[server-3] GET -> 996
server-3: 996

All servers converged to 996

     1→# Jujutsu (jj) Version Control
     2→
     3→**Version:** 0.35.0 (as of March 2026)
     4→
     5→> **Note:** Jujutsu is under active development. Commands and behavior may change between versions. Check `jj --version` and `jj <command> --help` if something doesn't work as expected.
     6→
     7→## Key Differences from Git
     8→
     9→- Working copy is automatically snapshotted on every command
    10→- No staging area - all changes are part of the working copy commit
    11→- Commits are identified by change IDs (stable) and commit IDs (change with rewrites)
    12→- The `@` symbol refers to the current working copy commit
    13→- `@-` refers to the parent of the working copy
    14→
    15→## Common Commands
    16→
    17→### Status and History
    18→
    19→```sh
    20→jj status              # Show working copy changes
    21→jj log                 # Show commit history
    22→jj log --limit 5       # Show last 5 commits
    23→jj diff                # Show changes in working copy
    24→jj diff -r @-          # Show changes in parent commit
    25→```
    26→
    27→### Creating Commits
    28→
    29→```sh
    30→jj commit -m "message"           # Commit working copy with message
    31→jj describe -m "message"         # Set/change description of current commit
    32→jj new                           # Create new empty commit on top of current
    33→jj new -m "message"              # Create new commit with message
    34→```
    35→
    36→### File Operations
    37→
    38→**IMPORTANT:** File operations use `jj file` subcommand, not top-level commands.
    39→
    40→```sh
    41→jj file list                     # List tracked files
    42→jj file track <path>             # Start tracking a file
    43→jj file untrack <path>           # Stop tracking a file (keeps file on disk)
    44→jj file untrack 'glob/**'        # Untrack files matching glob pattern
    45→```
    46→
    47→> **Gotcha:** There is no `jj untrack` - you must use `jj file untrack`.
    48→
    49→### Restoring and Reverting
    50→
    51→```sh
    52→jj restore <path>                # Restore file to parent commit state
    53→jj restore --from @- <path>      # Restore from specific revision
    54→```
    55→
    56→### Branches and Bookmarks
    57→
    58→```sh
    59→jj bookmark list                 # List bookmarks (jj's term for branches)
    60→jj bookmark create <name>        # Create bookmark at current commit
    61→jj bookmark set <name>           # Move bookmark to current commit
    62→```
    63→
    64→### Working with History
    65→
    66→```sh
    67→jj squash                        # Squash current commit into parent
    68→jj edit <revision>               # Edit an earlier commit
    69→jj rebase -d <destination>       # Rebase current commit onto destination
    70→```
    71→
    72→## Commit Message Format
    73→
    74→Use heredoc for multi-line messages:
    75→
    76→```sh
    77→jj commit -m "$(cat <<'EOF'
    78→Short summary line
    79→
    80→Longer description here.
    81→Can be multiple paragraphs.
    82→
    83→Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
    84→EOF
    85→)"
    86→```
    87→
    88→## Useful Revsets
    89→
    90→```sh
    91→jj log -r @              # Current commit only
    92→jj log -r @-             # Parent of current
    93→jj log -r @--            # Grandparent
    94→jj log -r "heads()"      # All head commits
    95→jj log -r "root()..@"    # All commits from root to current
    96→```
    97→
    98→## Common Workflows
    99→
   100→### Adding .gitignore After Build Artifacts Exist
   101→
   102→1. Create `.gitignore` with patterns
   103→2. Untrack the files that should be ignored:
   104→   ```sh
   105→   jj file untrack 'build/**'
   106→   ```
   107→3. Commit the changes
   108→
   109→### Fixing the Last Commit
   110→
   111→```sh
   112→# Make changes to files, then:
   113→jj squash                # Squash changes into parent
   114→# Or to change the message:
   115→jj describe -m "new message"
   116→```
   117→
   118→## Tips
   119→
   120→- Use `--no-pager` flag to disable paging for scripted output
   121→- Use `-r` or `--revision` to specify which commit to operate on
   122→- Check `jj <command> --help` for detailed options
   123→- The working copy is always snapshotted automatically - no need to manually add files
   124→

Working copy changes:
A .claude/settings.local.json
A ec_counter/README.md
A ec_counter/config.toml
A ec_counter/gleam.toml
A ec_counter/manifest.toml
A ec_counter/src/ec_counter/client.gleam
A ec_counter/src/ec_counter/server.gleam
A ec_counter/src/ec_counter.gleam
A ec_counter/test/ec_counter_test.gleam
Working copy  (@) : wzqusmnv 325d03d0 (no description set)
Parent commit (@-): xlklymtz 3fc49932 no-history | Get rid of otp_test

# Gleam build artifacts
*/build/
*/erl_crash.dump

# IDE/Editor
.idea/
.vscode/
*.swp
*.swo
*~

# OS
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

@  wzqusmnv apanda@cs.nyu.edu 2026-03-07 16:14:05 8074e788
│  (no description set)
○  xlklymtz apanda@cs.nyu.edu 2026-03-07 15:33:02 no-history 3fc49932
│  Get rid of otp_test
◆  vtmyxwmz apanda@cs.nyu.edu 2026-03-07 13:47:47 main a509b70c
│  Update the transcript
~

Working copy  (@) now at: ztqvsrut 54d10cc6 (empty) (no description set)
Parent commit (@-)      : wzqusmnv 7be1e3f8 Add ec-counter emulation: eventually consistent counter with server sync